Redcrosse Knight

Nurgul Zhanabayeva Alva Robinson Survey of English Literature 9 November, 2012 A Comparison between Beowulf and Redcrosse Knight At all times both history and people wanted heroes, who would be ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of a nation. As the history changed for the better or for the worst, there were written a lot of literature works about the heroes of a time, who had devoted their courageous deeds to people. Beowulf and Redcrosse Knight are the examples of such perfect heroes in two different periods, The Middle Age and The Early Modern Period.The story of Beowulf shows the spread of Christianity in the early Danish paganistic society that valued heroic deeds and bravery above all else. Beowulf’s heroism is shown in three separate conflicts, those with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the sea monster. The Faerie Queen is written during the period Christianity had been spread among people; protagonist Redcrosse knight represents a virtue of Holiness, and he is the only Christian fighting against evil. Beowulf and Redcrosse are example heroes, embodying traits typical of heroes: courage, and good deeds. The Faerie Queen,† written during the Early Modern Period, narrates a big change in Christian religious thoughts and practices. Redcrosse Knight offers his help to Gloriana, Queen of Fairyland. Una, representing truth, tells that the dragon of hell has captured her parents and that she needs help in getting them free. Redcrosse decides to get her parents released . This demonstrates a hero, he will undergo many severe trials and fight fierce monsters and this in itself is a character of a heroic knight. Not only does his armour protect his body and those who were with him, but also being a Christian.He has the protection of Christ. For the Christian in order to be holy, he must have a true faith. Much of Beowulf is devoted to expressing and demonstrating the hero, in whom strength, courage, loyalty to a nation, hospitality, gene rosity, political skill and good reputation among all people is valued. These are of great importance to such warrior societies as a way of understanding their relationships to the world and the danger waiting outside their borders. Redcrosse Knight, on the other hand, is a chivalrous hero. He must defeat villains who represent the untrue RomanChurch. The qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those who are less fortunate are described in the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. He meets several evildoers, the dragon from hell, the evil sorcerer Archimago, Sansfoy and Sansloy, who has no faith, the liar and representative of the Roman Church, Duessa/Fidessa, and many others. These evildoers fight Redcrosse Knight through deceit, lust, and untruth. Therefore he must be armed with faith in Christ to win the evils of the spiritual realm.As we can see, equally Beowulf and Redcrosse Knight have a vast amount of braver y. They both defeat enemies that attack or capture innocent people. They both constantly pray to Christ for help to win evil they meet and to have sympathy for those who suffer. These qualities, idealized by thanes and knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honour, and gallantry toward women are visible in both Beowulf and Redcrosse Knight. One difference is that women in the Old English Period are not as important as those in Middle age period. We see this in both poems. In Beowulf we only hear about Wealhtheow, Hrothgar’s queen, and Grendel’s mother.However in â€Å"The Faerie Queene,† we see many women characters, Gloriana, Una, Duessa/Fidessa, Lucifera (Hell), Caelia (Heavenly), Fidelia (Faith), Sperenza (Hope), and Charissa (Charity). In some way or another, Redcrosse and Beowulf have connections to these women, either good or bad. Additionally both heroes have a meeting with a character from hell. Beowulf dives into the lake, which is a personification of hell, where Grendel’s mother is waiting to attack. He cannot cut her with his sword, so he tosses it away and finds a larger sword killing Grendel’s mother by cutting her head off.He sees Grendel’s dead body nearby and cuts off his head as a trophy and returns to Denmark . This expresses an important virtue, loyalty. Redcrosse Knight fights Lucifera (Queen of Hell) and other evildoers. He has been weakened by his visit to the House of Pride. Although he had the instinctive good sense to flee from that castle, his conscience is still at work. This failure brings him near to death in the dungeon of Orgoglio, a giant that represents godless pride. Arthur, that represents magnificence, comes along and helps Redcrosse rise up from his lowest state.Redcrosse also defeats the dragon. Here he is compared to Christ descended to hell to win Satan. Redcrosse enters the mouth of the dragon and finally kills it by the help of The Tree of Life and The Well of Life, which are the grace of God given to mankind and which helps Christian in danger. No matter how well equipped or prepared the Christian is, he can’t win the evil without the help of God. A message is given here, a true Christian with all his humility counts on God. Another similarity of both these warriors is rewards for being heroes, however in very different ways.After Beowulf kills Grendel, he is considered the greatest hero in Danish history. Hrothgar says that Beowulf will never lack for riches, the horses and men of the Geats were all richly adorned, and a party was held to celebrate Beowulf’s victory. Redcrosse Knight, on the other hand, will receive his reward in heaven. If he continues to live sinless and fight against evildoers he will receive eternal life. The battle will not end until the end of the world, when Christ will tell which religion is false and which is true. Meanwhile, a Christian believes that honour is gained by good deeds and glory lies in afterlife.In both poems, Beowulf and Redcrosse Knight developed from heroic warriors, who have such qualities as courage, generosity, sacrifice for the good of others, into wise leaders. Beowulf rises from a fearless warrior to a reliable king and Redcrosse Knight finally becomes St. George, the patron saint of England. Both showed the necessary characteristics to become very successful nobles. Though these two outlooks are somewhat oppositional, each character acts as society dictates. Beowulf acted as a hero-warrior and Redcrosse as a chivalric-warrior. However, their Christian values are somewhat similar.The images of warrior presented in both poems are significant roles that are important to Christian life — Faith and Holiness. References Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis: Representation of Reality in Western Literature, Translated by Willard Trask, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971. Hadfield Andrew, The Faerie Queen, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Heaney, Seamus, Beowu lf: A New Verse Translation, New York ed. , 2001. Niles, John. D, Beowulf: The Poem and It’s Tradition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Language Arts Essay

This topic will provide students with an interactive method of learning numeracy, literacy, inquiry and responsibility within the environment in which we live (Rice & Wilson, 1999). It gives ample leeway for creating lessons within the subject areas of Science, Mathematics, Language Arts, and Social Studies. Such a unit will make students aware of the place and role of trees in the environment. It will also enhance their knowledge of the structure and function of trees as living things. Students will also understand how humans depend on trees in the environment and also how the activities of humans have adversely affected the environment in the past. Finally, it will make students aware of how their individual actions toward trees can improve the state of the environment. Overall Expectations: 1. Students will learn how trees grow. 2. Students will learn the uses that humans have for trees. 3. Students will explore what humans and trees have in common. 4. Students will learn size and texture comparisons from parts of trees. 5. Students will learn how to count using tree limbs, leaves, and other tree parts. 6. Students will learn numeracy and estimation by exploring how many more limbs are possessed by one tree over another. 7. Students will learn vocabulary and how to construct sentences about trees. 8. Students will learn about forests and how they have been harmed by humans in the past Specific Expectations Integrated Science Students will be expected to make connections between trees and the things in their lives made from trees. They will be expected to be able to tell the facts about trees. Such prompts will be given to allow them to name such characteristics as size, colour, and the different parts of a tree that they are familiar with. Student will also be expected to learn observation and note-taking skills as part of the scientific process. Mathematics Students should be able to demonstrate their knowledge of counting objects and of the fact that one number represents on object via counting branches, leaves, and other parts of trees. They are also expected to be able to perform arithmetic operations of adding and subtracting using tree icons as computational tools. Students are also expected to learn (or reinforce knowledge of) descriptors such as larger, longer, bigger, taller, thinner, and other comparisons. Language Arts Students are expected to learn vocabulary connected with trees and to recognize them as sight words. They are expected to make connections between trees, their parts, animals and humans, and should be able to construct simple sentences that explain facts about them. Students should also be able to recognize and properly use comparative adjectives such as tall and taller, thin and thinner, long and longer, etc. Specific Expectations Students will be expected to be able to understand the interactions of humans and animals with trees. They should be able to name such things that they have seen in trees, such as birds nests and squirrels. They will then be expected to understand whether trees are alive or dead and required to say why they have answered in a specific way.

Brand Philosophy Essay

The brand NEWE was created and nowadays follows the aim to show women’s beauty and sharm. Main goal of the brand is to make all possible efforts to find a solution of women skin troubles. Another strategy of the company is to make female skin more shiny, bright and beautiful. Mission The new formulation and one of high-priority goals of the company is to deactivate skin energy and make it looks full of life and shine through new innovations technologies developing. NEWE is making everything possible to product advanced cosmetics using delicate CGMP construction process. This process not only provides skin with natural ingredients but also based on only natural ingredients taken from clean environment. Science from nature NEWE is trying to bring skin technologies closer to life science and step by step taking the direction to ideal skin. Based on human efforts, natural ingredients and innovative technologies NEWE is heading to beautiful future. With outstanding progressive ideas and innovative strategies NEWE provides the skin’s beauty all women dream about. 6. NEWE’s procedures and effects Lightening Snow whitening (basic) Whitening (BB) Ultraviolet rays block Time lock (BB) Time lock (Basic) Golden label deluxe Gold therapy Wrinkles removal & anti-wrinkles therapy 7. NEWE’s procedures description & special features Name of the procedure | Skin type| Product formation | Skin problems available for care | Functions| The special features of the procedure | Gold label deluxe| All skin types| Toner, emulsion,essense,cream| Lack of elasticity,fine wrinkles, laugh lines| Wrinkle therapy| 1. Contains of 99% pure gold 2. Moisture& anti-ageing effects 3. Soft texture, high consistence of nutritions| Snow white| Oily ,combine skin| Serum, cream, spa-solution, BB cream| Lack of moisture, freckles, blemish, dark skin| Lightening, BB (2 phases)| 1. effect of 7 red moisture & whitening effect 2. Light texture, easy using 3. Purslane, white birch active extracts therapy | Time lock| Dry skin| Serum, cream, eye cream, BB cream| Lack of elasticity,fine wrinkles, laugh lines, deep wrinkles, skin troubles | Wrinkle therapy, BB (3 phases)| 1. Contains of pea ’s protein (stem cell culture medium) 2. Contains of bean’s fermentation extracts 3. Texture full of nutritions, moist using| Gold therapy | All skin types| Serum, cream| Dark skin, lack of elasticity, fading skin| Wrinkle therapy & lightening (double effect)| 1. Contain 99% gold components2. contains of caviar extracts 3. providing a moisture from chell | 8. Skin care & solutions for different age groups Age group 25-30 1. After the age 25, skin begins to decline energy and ageing process slowly starts (especially in the case of marriage, pregnancy and birth of children life style on the whole changes a lot, what influences on skin condition). 2. Fine wrinkles, laugh lines appear. 3. A tendency of decrease skin energy and elasticity. 4. Skin becomes tighter, and wrinkles near mouth zone become more visible. 5. Although consistence of oil/moist in skin almost the same with 20-25 age group, it’s a time when skin can change its type unexpectedly. Problem & skin care Problem: 1. Although there’s no big difference with 20-25 skin condition, due to cases of pregnancy & birth of children a state of skin begins to change. Care: 1. Choosing cosmetics which suits the skin type, protecting skin and keep the necessary moisture balance. 2. Paying attention on protection skin from ultraviolet rays and other outside impulses. 3. Taking care of skin using lightening cosmetics in case of fine wrinkles, laugh lines appearance. 4. Amount of serum secretion at eye, mouth, cheek zone begins to decrease, so face expression wrinkles should be taken care especially. ADVICE NEWE SNOW WHITE LINE! 9. Skin care& solutions for different age groups Age group 30 Skin condition 1. The state when stability of the skin is fold most. 2. In comparison with 20-s ageing process visible more, but due to continuous hormone secretion and stable life style most balanced skin condition 3. Decrease of skin elasticity, skin becomes pigmented easily, fine wrinkles, laugh lines appear. 4. Metabolism and all skin reactions become slower; as a result sebum secretion declines also. 5. Skin looses shine and gloss, becomes coarser, the moisture level decrease. Problem & skin care Problem: 1. Skin becomes dryer, and oily skin troubles decrease. 2. Increase of fine wrinkles, laugh lines and other troubles connected with ageing process (time, when people pay more attention on ageing process). Care: 1. 0 age is the time when metabolism retards, so to expedite circulation of the blood everyday massage and packs (should be used 1-2 times a week) are necessary measures. These procedures activate an energy stream in the skin, making it vitalized. 2. The people, who feel their skin more tight and dry than before, should include essence using in their everyday life and keep the moisture level balanced all the time. 3. To prevent skin vaporization nutrition cream should be used conti nuously both with eye cream against eye wrinkles& laugh lines. ADVICE NEWE TIME LOCK LINE NEWE GOLDEN THERAPY LINE 10. Skin care& solutions for different age groups Age group 40-50 Skin condition 1. Ageing process becomes more and more visible and fast, wrinkles appear not only at eye-mouth zone but at other parts of face 2. Time when skin becomes dry and the dryness is visible also. 3. Skin blemish swells, skin looks tight and coarse. Problem & skin care Problem: 1. Ageing of the skin becomes clearly visible, sebaceous glands’ function becomes worse, dermis structure and connections go off, skin elasticity decreases rapidly. Care: 1. Paying a lot of attention on prevention of skin dryness & and the loss made by ageing process, choice of high-nutrition cosmetics. 2. Use of preventing ageing process products, providing special care except of the used every day. 3. Use of packs bringing new energy to the skin; regular massage. 4. Use of plowshare cream and anti-wrinkle cream together. ADVICE! NEWE GOLDEN LABEL DELUXE LINE NEWE TIME LOCK LINE 11. Golden Label – anti-ageing Providing skin with 99% gold – happiness for skin! Providing of 99% gold peptide Adenosine – tested by Korea Food & Drug Administration Anti-wrinkle components & ingredients 12. Golden Label – anti-ageing Pure Gold 99 % * Pure gold used since Middle Age Era to prevent ageing-processes, it congenial with the body, there is no corrosion, doesn’t cause allergy; it’s expedite cell revival effects and famous all over the world by detoxification the poison, a wispy beard, sterilization and lightening effects. * Adenosine- the effect of wrinkle-removal tested and proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Due to ingredients effective both at preventing wrinkle and their removing at the same time. * Peptide – gets fast absorbed by skin fast; due to outstanding anti-wrinkles effect fully moisturize dry ;amp; dark skin, providing it with necessary nutritions. 13. Golden Label – anti-ageing NEWE GOLDEN LABEL DELUXE TONER 150 ml From the very moment of touching the skin, toner provides it with gold extracts and leaves the feeling of moisture due to synergy of nutritions and collagen. Toner keeps skin elastic, clean and full of energy, preventing wrinkles at the same time. NEWE GOLDEN LABEL DELUXE EMULSION 150 ml Due to the synergy of ingredients (gold, peptide and collagen mixed in optimum proportions) mild emulsion keeps skin clean, elastic and fresh. NEWE GOLD LABEL DELUXE ESSENSE 150 ml Luxurious enrich essence consists of 99% gold extract and collagen remove all skin and turn it back to the young age times. NEWE GOLD LABEL DELUXE CREAM 50 g Luxurious cream deeply provides skin with necessary nutritions, bringing loose skin to life, and return dry skin into energetic, full of elasticity one. 14. Snow White _ whitening Due to the complex of arbutin and 7 – red extracts makes skin bright and shiny immaculately. Arbutin – lightening component, effect was tested by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Moisturizing factor – sap of a white birch, puslane extract * 7-RedConcentrate – tomato, rose, camellia seeds, rubus coreanus fruit, rooibos, safflower seeds, peach – complex of 7-red ingredients. 15. Snow White _ whitening Arbutin – the ingredient was tested and proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Due to comprised whitening components lightens pigmented skin and makes it clean immaculately. -Red components – comprising effects of 7 red plants ingredients, this complex prevent skin from oxidation, control moisture balance and brings skin to the best condition, making it healthy and bright. Sap of a white birch, puslane extract – protects skin from outside irritations, provides necessary moisture and makes skin bright, resilient and smoo th. 16. Snow White _ 7-Red Complex 1. Rooibos – lightening effect, skin troubles prevention effect Anti-oxidation effect, powerful skin protector 2. camellia seeds – makes skin soft and smooth, protects from anti-oxidants; Makes crumbly and flaky skin healthy . rose flower – powerful effect of skin regeneration, brings fresh feeling Heals skin itching, inflammation, recovery effects 4. Oil of safflower seeds – outstanding plowshare; source of vitamin E 5. rubus coreanus fruit – powerful effect of skin regeneration, brings fresh feeling; Heals skin itching, inflammation, recovery effects 6. Tomato – Anti-oxidation effect; acne sterilization effect 7. Peach – prevention of skin dryness; brings the immunity to damaged skin; activate blood circulation and improve cell structure of skin 17. Snow White _ whitening NEWE SNOW WHITE SERUM 40 ml Serum permeates into the skin fast and deep, providing lightening effect. Enrich luxurious serum makes skin clean and bright. NEWE SNOW WHITE SPOT SOLUTION 20 ml Snow white spot solution is a product created for using at parts of skin with especially intensified pigmentation; controls the amount of melanin bringing pureness and shine to skin. NEWE SNOW WHITE CREAM 50 g Cream consists of whitening ingredients, richly provides skin with nutritions and moisture. NEWE SNOW WHITE BB CREAM LIGHTENING, SPF 40 PA++ 2 PHASE COSMETICS 40 ml Due to high level of outside factors protection 2 – phase effect cream blocks ultraviolet rays 2 times more effective, prevent skin damage and keeps the tone of skin smooth and natural all day long. 18. Time Lock _ anti-ageing â€Å"Adenosine complex and proteins of pea – solution, bringing liveliness and juvenility to skin† Adenosine – wrinkles removal effect proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Moisturizing Factor – bean’s fermentation ingredients; sodium hyaluronate. HYDROLYZED PEA PROTEIN – pea’s proteins 19. Time Lock _ anti-ageing Adenosine Wrinkle removal effect proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Adenosine removes all kinds of wrinkles (from fine wrinkles, laugh lines till deep wrinkles) and brings energy and elasticity to fading skin, rejuvenating it. Pea’s proteins The proteins are segregated from pea and then after refining process and enzymatic treatment liposome initiate a reaction on peptides of small molecular size what improves stem cell activity. Vitamin Sodium hyaluronate Protects skin and keeps it smooth and healthy; Keeps skin moisturized all day; controls the moisture level richly. 20. NEWE TIME LOCK SERUM 40 ml Fast absorbing serum, which deeply fills skin with elasticity, removes different types of wrinkles and makes skin resilient and fresh. NEWE TIME LOCK CREAM 50 g Cream consist of enrich various nutritions which get absorbed by skin fast and prevent dryness. Product also protects skin from outside damages and makes it look healthy and calm. NEWE TIME LOCK CREAM 20 ml Protects sensitive skin near eye zone gently, provides it with moist and nutritions, prevents eye wrinkles and makes skin at eye zone look resilient. NEWE TIME LOCK PREMIUM BB CREAM SPF 40PA++, WRINKLES, LIGHTENING 3 PHASE EFFECT 40 ml Due to high level of ultraviolet protection SPF 40 PA++, lightening effect and wrinkles remove effect 3 phase effect BB cream regenerates damaged skin, keeps skin moisture, healthy and beautiful for a long time. 21. Gold Therapy _whitening ;amp; anti-ageing ‘’ 99% pure gold, EGF, caviar, peptides –skin becomes a masterpiece† Gold therapy Gold – 99. 9% pure gold Arbutin Adenosine – adenosine, anti-wrinkles components, arbutin; lightening effect proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. Caviar – caviar extract 22. Pure gold component Gold is known around the world as an absolutely harmful component makes skin bright and fresh. It removes endotoxins and skin waste products, prevents different skin troubles and rejuvenates skin deeply. Caviar Caviar is well-known as one of the top 3 world delicacies. Its extract richly brings nutritions to skin, provides it with elasticity and keeps soft and beautiful. Arbutin Adenosine Lightening effect proved by Korea Food ;amp; Drug Administration. As anti-wrinkles components Arbutin and Adenosine relieve skin pigmentation, makes skin clean and smooth, remove all types of wrinkles and provides skin with energy and elasticity. 23. Gold Therapy _ whitening ;amp; anti-ageing NEWE GOLD THERAPY SERUM 40 ml Comprising components of gold gel-type serum gets absorbed quickly even by deep parts of derma, has a lightening effect and makes skin more shiny and bright. NEWE GOLD THERAPY CREAM 50 g 2 phase fast absorbed anti-wrinkles cream, which provides skin with nutritions and moist, making it smooth, soft and beautiful.

Police Entrapment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police Entrapment - Research Paper Example So it can be established that any act performed with the motive of damaging the framed jurisdiction can be phrased as Entrapment (Stitt & James, April 1984, pp. 111-112). In an entrapment activity police creates the favorable conditions for the commission of offense. But in this note it is to be mentioned that the offender does not play any such vital role. This act is majorly carried down entirely by the police itself. They are basically a ratification of laws making illegal acts which many people had addressed as â€Å"victimless crimes†. In order to prevent these inexcusable acts various special law enforcement agencies had been established with a view of preventing theses crimes as they did not result into complaints from the victimized. In this connection Dempsey and Forst (2013) said, â€Å"Inducement is the key word; when police encouragement plays upon the weakness of the innocent persons and beguiles them into committing crimes they normally would not attempt, it can be deemed improper because it is entrapment and the evidence is barred under the exclusionary rule†. It has been also said that entrapment is a confirmatory defense and can be easily raised at trial. It is based on certain belief where people should not be persuaded of a defense that is completely initiated by the government. It on the whole arises when the government representatives implant the seed with an intention of crime. This view on the contrary hold another prospective where it has been explained that by simply giving a person an opportunity of committing a crime cannot simply subjected to entrapment (Dempsey, Forst, 2013, pp. 151). Evidences specified that entrapment by police was not a new concept. It laid its root way back during 1959s where unjustified acts were forced to be proved as justified by the police. A case in USA gave rise to a revamped consideration of the defense of entrapment. The country witnessed many cases of entrapment by police then. The crime w as broadening at a remarkable speed. There also it was observed that the victims did not complain. It became mandatory for the law to take action against it. In order to prevent the criminal issues the government itself took initiative and actions. It strengthened the rule regarding entrapment activities. The police force being doubled it had been still impossible to execute the laws regarding entrapment. Special work forces like informers, special employees were deployed by the government for the evacuation of a crime as entrapment but the purpose did not get solved. There had been evidences which specified in some situations it became difficult for a police or official to make arrest for any of the crime just detailed. But in contrast there were cases too which witnessed that the answers regarding the enforcement law determined that in large measure opinions were with respect to the defense of entrapment. It was explained that one who opposed the categorization of crimes would cir cuitously hold up the concept of entrapment by police and thus would authorize its more repeated incantation (Williams, 1959, pp. 405). In addition to all this entrapment had also been referred as a proactive law enforcement strategy. This remark was made as because its dimensions included reactive strategies such as complaints investigation. Police entrapment followed series of under covered operatives

Globalisation and International Relations Essay

Globalisation and International Relations - Essay Example Considering theoretical perspectives, Anievas (2005) discusses theories of IR and goes into the detail pf Habermasian social theory to understand the practical implications of such a theory considering discourse ethics and communicative action. Anievas suggests that the contradictory nature of international relations and its relation to globalisation perspectives could be understood within the Habermasian context and the constructivist approaches to IR also have more socially oriented applications of the Habermasian framework (Anievas, 2005). Habermas emphasized on the importance of the public sphere, and the need for a political community transcending nation state on ethnic and cultural similarities for a community based on equal rights and democracy. Thus the Habermasian framework could be applied within socialisation perspectives to explain globalisation as a phenomenon which transcends cultural or ethnic boundaries for equality at all levels. Discussing on the role of foreign pol icy practised by the global powers, as the United States, Mabee (2004) suggests that the US foreign policy is defined and explained in terms of imperialism and the notion of an empire. Mabee points out that the US as an empire probably conveys deeper meaning to the process of foreign policy and US domination than the concept of US as an imperial republic. According to Mabee, the notion of imperialism would suggest the dynamics of power and coercion that seem to be a part of an anarchic international system. Imperialism and globalisation has a direct relationship with certain interpretations of globalisation being focused on the influence or hegemony of one culture especially western culture on the other more oriental cultures (Mabee, 2004). There are other theoretical alternatives, such as the constructivist approach to globalisation, and Palan (2004) suggests that constructivism in international relations has a string link with

Evaluation of Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluation of Health Promotion - Essay Example The comparison group was given minimal education on the same lifestyle changes through mail and group-counseling.† (301) A pre-test–post-test non-randomized experimental study design – the most common type of quasi-experimental study design – was used; it was found most effective in studying causal relationship between the intervention and whatever change transpires in outcome measures, thus providing strongest evidence for evaluation. Different research instruments were used to gather needed data: (1) pre-test self-administered questionnaires for the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and self-reported lifestyle behaviours, specifically their individual dietary practices, physical activity, and smoking; (2) in-depth interviews and focus group discussion for the researchers’ better understanding of the participants’ behaviours and perceptions after the programme; (3) â€Å"anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), blood pressure and biochemical measurements (fasting blood glucose and full lipid pr ofiles) were taken at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 2 years† (all italics mine) (302), with the total cholesterol level the main outcome measure, while the rest the secondary outcome measure. Data gathered were statistically analysed, preset at 0.05 level of significance: (1) ANOVA – â€Å"to evaluate changes in outcome measures,† (2) Hyunh–Feldt correction – â€Å"to correct for the violation of the assumption of sphericity (compound symmetry)†, (3) t-test – â€Å"to compare the baseline and the final readings,† (4) x2-test – to analyse categorical data. (all italics mine) (302-303) 1. There was a significantly reduced level of cholesterol for the intervention group (5.83 to 5.62 mmol/l), while an increased level for the comparison group (5.44 to 5.61

Article response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Response - Article Example The article seeks to clarify whether the effect of gender congruence between a competitor and the referent can occur independently from ambiguity avoidance. To clarify this, the authors conducted two experiments using Finnish, a non-gendered language. Like English, the Finnish language speakers produce fewer pronouns when the competitor and the referent have the same gender. Furthermore, this effect does not result from ambiguity avoidance. Competitors’ gender congruence and reduction of pronouns is higher in English language than in Finnish. In English, avoiding gender ambiguous pronouns is easy because semantic competition is normally affected by gender congruence. Discussion and comments of the article On reading this article, my knowledge was widened on what drives the effect of gender congruence in the English language. I knew that gender congruence effect in English language was driven by ambiguity avoidance. Initially, I assumed that the way speakers make reference to e xpressions was based on congruence effect alone. To enhance my understanding, I examined Van Compbel, Fukumura, Harley and Pickering (2011) study, which investigated how similarity in different entities affect a speaker’s choice and reference to some expression. ... Conversely, more pronouns are produced when the competitor and the referent are in different situations. The congruent effect appeared to be high in a situation in which the action described was relevant to the situational congruence. This implies that the effects that come as a result of congruence will depend on other representations of concepts known by the speaker. In the second experiment, this study revealed that whether a pronoun is ambiguous or not, the effect of competitor’s similarity is always present. At the end, the researchers concluded that the similarity effects are independent of ambiguity avoidance. The effect emanates from a speaker’s internal production challenges. Still, Van Compbel et al. (2011) results are similar toward the explanation of how ambiguity avoidance relate with the similarity or congruent effect. However, the studies use different approaches in investigating the effect of congruence on ambiguity avoidance. Both articles revealed that congruence effect is independent of ambiguity avoidance. In the main article by Fukuruma, Hyona and merete (2013), it is revealed that because congruence impact semantic competition, a speaker is aware of the pronoun ambiguity. This makes congruence effect independent. Conversely, Van Compbel et al. (2011) study confirms that it is the internally speaker production constraints that make congruence effect independent of ambiguity avoidance. Further, the similarity between these two articles drew my attention to another study by Arnold and Griffin (2007). The article investigated how one chooses between proper names and pronouns in a speech. The study was based on the traditional assumption that speakers strive to interpret

Social security and Medicare reform Policy recommendations Essay

Social security and Medicare reform Policy recommendations - Essay Example In 2002, there were around 40.5 million citizens of United States who were enrolled in the program. In 2006, the government paid more than $80,000 for the program. The following is the data on the progress of the program. The data above shows how the US Government spends money on various specials groups in the population. The old age Insurance covers the retired workers, Spouses and children. The Survivors Insurance covers the widows, widowers and parents. It also covers the widowed mothers and fathers. The children are also included in the insurance cover. Lastly, the Disability Insurance covers the Disabled workers, Spouses and Children. This report refers to the month of February 2012. As compared to the earlier years, the government has improved both in Medicare and Social Security provision. In 2005, the USA residents had lost hope in the social Security Reform. In the same year, the residents were not concerned at all by the Medicare Reform. What mattered to them most was on the progress of the war against Iraq. The economic goals will be achieved through improving the care given to the elderly, developing and promoting a holistic approach which is person centered to the person who is given the care, through recognition and focusing on the empowerment of the beneficiary, and enhancing equality control throughout the systems of social security and Medicare. The policy recommendations stated that there was going to be no changes to social security since it does not contribute to deficit reduction. The president also believed that social security is not a driver of medium term deficits. The president reported that the Social Security program does not contribute at all to the deficit. There was a recommendation that the Social Security cuts to be put off. The other policy recommendation was to increase the eligibility age of those who were receiving the Medicare from age 65 to 67. The

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4DB) Essay

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4DB) - Essay Example 1). He simply does not take people’s feelings into account over his own. His self-regulation skills are strong, which includes, â€Å"the ability to control or redirect disruptive impulses and moods and the propensity to suspend judgment and to think before acting† (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1). His patience in this area is key. Another strong area of his is motivation, which is, â€Å"a passion to work for reasons that go beyond money and status† (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1). He has always been persistent in pursuing his goals. Unfortunately, he is weak in the area of empathy, which is, â€Å"the ability to understand the EMOTIONAL makeup of other people.† I believe that he oftentimes leaves employees out of important decision-making processes. Finally, his social skills, which are â€Å"proficiency in managing relationships and building networks and an ability to find common ground and build rapport† (Goleman, 1998, pg. 1), could use help as well. Again, it ti es into having a weak bond with employees as individuals. The areas of emotional intelligence that directly involve the feelings and opinions of others should be addressed first in order to turn this situation around. Most likely, the employees in this scenario do not feel as if they matter very much to the company. First, it is imperative that I learn to recognize the feelings and emotions of the employees as individuals. It is also important that I learn to understand the emotional makeup of other people. Social skills will also be very important so that healthy relationships can be built within the workplace. There are several things that organizations can do in order to help develop the emotional intelligence of their managers as well as their other employees. The first step is making sure that the management team and employees have the skills necessary to

Are or should rights be based on nationality The Module is [ Essay

Are or should rights be based on nationality The Module is [ Citizenship in Theory and Practice] politics - Essay Example It is for this reason that arbiters of rights are always under scrutiny and lot of discussion goes on regarding the role and task of rights arbitrator for informing people regarding their rights. The question of rights has always challenged political philosopher and thinkers. The question has also tested the wits of moral thinkers as it is one of the fundamental issues of morality. Since, philosophy started in ancient Greece therefore early thought had Greek city state or polis in mind and for this reason the application of rights focused on the relationship of individual and polis. As such, the idea of rights is mainly based on the responsibilities of the individual citizen to the wider polis (Delanty, 2000). Individual submitted before the authority of polis for the protection of his life and limb. The concept of rights in the ancient world was related with area and territory. The concept of citizenship was firmly based on birth. Therefore, the development and application of rights has traditionally been firmly linked with a concept of territorial integrity (Lister & Pia, 2008). Modern concept of Western nationalism has firmly established the link between rights and territorial integrity, which was originally formed in ancient Greece and practiced in Roman Empire. ... Nationality and the nation state have always been linked; as a result, a similar link has been formed between the concept of rights and the foundation of nationality (Held, 1995). This strong link of rights and nationality continued on for a long period of time but development in science and technology along with better communication has brought significant changes in the outlook and approach of thinkers. Many factors are responsible for the changed attitude but three primary processes account for this attempt to revise the idea of rights. Firstly, migration has brought phenomenal changes in the concept of nationality. Secondly, the formation of regional political structures has meant that concepts of regional citizenship have taken firm ground. Numerous examples of regional bodies can be found; however, possibly the most significant at the present time is the European Union (Faist, 2007). Finally with advent of Information Technology the concept of globalisation has become a byword. The commencement of globalisation and the necessary political responses that have been taken have led many to question whether basing rights on nationality is applicable in an unified and mutually dependent world (Held, 1995). This concept of globalisation has questioned the link of rights and territory. Above all, as globalisation has increasingly served to de-link individuals and societies from the national setting, the idea that rights can be founded on the basis of national territory has been greatly criticised (Held, 1995). Considering the above assessment, the purpose of this work is to assess and examine whether, or should the application of rights be based on

Food Industry Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food Industry Analysis Paper - Essay Example This is not so with the food industry because it is a basic physical need. It may be that some luxury foods are done away with during times of economic crisis, but the food industry as a whole can be rest assured that it will be around for a long time to come. As the population of this country grows, so will the number of mouths that are needed to be fed. This ensures that should increase year-on-year for a long time to come. The purpose of this paper is to look at the strengths of the various categories of the food industry and determine how an increase in sales is reflected by increases in employment numbers, employee wages, and the number of restaurants. Because this is such a large industry and covers tens of millions of people, I will focus specifically on New York City. The reason why I chose this place was because the city is famous for always being on the move. The diversity in the city means that there are many ethnic food restaurants available for customers to eat at. My hy pothesis is that as the sales of the food industry are increasing, so must employment numbers, employee wages, and the number of restaurants. For an industry that seems to be booming, it would make sense to reinvest profits back into the industry itself, thereby ensuring its success over the short and long term. The types of data that will be used in this paper are primary sources, such as the New York State Department of Labor and ReferenceUSA. To clarify what food restaurants will be taken into consideration, the NAICS code that will be looking at is 722211 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002). This code specifically entails establishments that provide food services where the customer chooses his meal and pays for it before receiving it. To be clear, snack and non-alcoholic beverage bars will not be included in this analysis. The dependent variable in this paper will be the sales numbers for the food industry as a whole. It is very easy to locate these figures because they are complied by t he relevant departments each year for public knowledge. The scatter plot below shows the sales numbers in the food industry over the last few years: As can be seen from the graph, the food industry as a whole is growing year-on-year. Of course, the figure for 2012 is just an estimate since we don’t have those figures available yet. In fact, in the last couple of years, the slope has gotten steeper, which suggests that the pace of the food industry will not slow down anytime soon. On average, the food industry’s sales are increasing by $22.13 billion each year or around 3 to 4%. From this, we can say that the outlook for the food industry is positive unless some unforeseen disaster occurs. The slope for this graph is y = 22.13x + 167.26, based on a base year of 1990. Looking ahead to 2020, we can make a prediction of the sales of the food industry with this equation. The equation would be as follows: y = 22.13 (30) + 167.26 = $831.16 billion each year. Of course, the gr owth rate may change based on external factors that are outside of the food industry’s control. However, this figure gives a pretty good estimate of where the food industry will be by the end of this decade and shows that everything is looking positive. Now that we have shown that the sales for the food industry will continue to grow for some time yet, we need to see what is fueling that helping to fuel that growth. This paper will look at three independent variables: employee numbers, employee wages, and number of restaurants. For employee numbers, New York City can

Living in sin by Adrienne Rich Essay Example for Free

Living in sin by Adrienne Rich Essay Being a woman is different from being a man. Women do have difficulties living with men. In the poem Living in Sin, the author, Adrienne Rich, has showed the difficulties of their life, and the horrible relationship through her figurative language, and imagery. The imagery reveals the difficulties and differences between men and women. First, she has A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl, in her life. A plate of pears represents the sweetness of life. She expects she will have a sweet life, a great relationship with her mate. Secondly, a towel to dust the table-top, and let the coffee-pot boil over on the stove has shown that she has to take care of everything in the house. She uses a towel to clean the table. This shows her annoyance from cleaning, and she cleans the table carelessly. Finally, By evening she was back in love again, she woke sometimes to feel the daylight coming like a relentless milkman up the stair. These two lines contain both overstatement and irony. When the night is coming, she feels relax and back in love because she finishes all her work, and she can take a rest. Contrarily, when the morning is coming, she feels disappointed because all the annoying things will happen again. The carelessness of her mate makes her feels bad and she will no longer stay there.

Multi Disciplinary Approach Case Study

Multi Disciplinary Approach Case Study Based on the information provided, what needs, risks and strengths can you identify in relation to the individual or family in the case study? How would you plan the assessment, including consideration of theneed for a multi disciplinary approach? Case study E: James Downing is 16 years old, white andlives at home with his mother, Sarah, her same sexpartner, Teresa, and his younger sister Joanne, who is 13 years. Jameshas no contact with his birth father, who left Sarah when she was pregnant withJoanne, but he does have a close relationship with his paternal grandparents,who live nearby. James has been in trouble with the police since he was 13years old, and has numerous convictions for care theft, possession of cannabisand ecstasy and for house burglaries. Sarah has asked a social worker to visither, since she feels that she can no longer cope with the situation and feelsthat the whole family is in danger of `fallingapart. Joanne is beginning to stay out at friends all the time and clearlydoes not want to be at home, where there are frequent arguments. Teresa worksin a very demanding job, involving a lot of travelling, and Sarah feels she isspending less and less time at home because of Jamess behaviour. Research published in Child Protection:Messages from Research (Department of Health, 1995 cited in Horwath, 2001)states that families often feel they lack control and autonomy when dealingwith social services departments. This becomes particularly problematic whenassessments focus on family weaknesses and disadvantages. Hence a holisticapproach utilising strengths and identifying need is required. This approachforms the crux of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need andtheir Families. Sarah has identified the family difficultiesand has requested support this is encouraging, suggesting commitment to thewell being of the family, and to change. It is important to highlight thisstrength to the family and emphasise that together we will work to build uponthis. James has a close relationship with hispaternal grandparents, adding to the family resilience and acting as animportant resource during periods of difficultly. Hence grandparents should beengaged with the planning of the assessment. The familys economic status is not clear;however there is at least one family member in employment. Traditionally thisis interpreted as a familial resilience factor. Awareness of differingperspectives is essential the nature of Teresas work and the effect of theemployment on the family as a whole is currently unknown and hence couldequally be viewed as a risk factor by the family. James has established offending behaviourand has been involved with illegal drugs in some capacity. Family and professionals will generally view this as risky behaviour; however it must beconsidered that criminal activity could be viewed as a strength within somesocial groups, hence it is essential to ascertain all points of view, withoutprejudgement and then consider ways forward together. There maybe risk linked to the lessening orloss of James attachment to Teresa as she is spending less and less time athome. Equally, there could be risk attached to the potential loss ofattachment between Joanne and James, as Joanne is stay(ing) out withfriends.and clearly does not want to be at home. The family is under a greatdeal of strain, and it seems Joanne and Teresa are coping with this by shiftingaway from the household. This gives some insight as to how the family functionsunder stress; this will need to be explored further with Sarah and Teresa to identify the processes that will ensure the family achieve theirdesired outcomes when faced with difficulties. James has no contact with his father, raising concerns around paternal attachment and possible negative life events/experiences due to separation. The assessment will need to explore how James and his family view this separation; again each may hold conflictingviews and this must be sensitively addressed. One must consider that the immediate family unit, the extended family and professionals may all have differing perceptions of families with same-sex caregivers; some view this as strength whereas others will see membership of a minority group as a risk. Family members themselves may negatively discriminate on the basis of sexuality. Prior awareness of the possibility of conflicting opinions will enable the worker to react thoughtfully and mediate effectively. The social worker should critically evaluate their own practice continuously, checking for assumptions, stereotyping and cultural bias. Preparation for the assessment should begin with ensuring an appropriate social worker is allocated. The team manager should consider the field workers knowledge and understanding of the issues pertaining to this particular family (for example youth offending, discrimination/oppression based on sexuality/gender, attachment issues etc), as well as ensuring the worker is an appropriate match in terms of race and gender. Once a suitable worker is allocated thecase, he/she will need to refer to all information gathered previously. This will prevent the family repeating sensitive information again, and will enable the social worker to identify gaps in information that need to be filled during the assessment. Assessments and subsequent care plans are more effective if the child and family feel empowered and involved throughout the process (Department for Education and Skills, 2001). Indeed this is a duty of any professional working with children as outlined in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: the child who is capable of forming his or her own views (has) the right to express those viewsfreely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being givendue weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child The social worker must engage with James and his family at the outset, establishing how and where theassessment will be carried out, exactly what help is requested and identifying desired outcomes. As outlined in the Framework for theAssessment of Children in Need and their Families, the social worker andfamily should identify the relevant agencies to be involved in the assessment and ensure it is clear to all professionals and the family the precise role andpurpose of each professional. Advice and information will be sought by identifying all key informants, recording their details and organising aschedule to collect information from these people or organisations. The following would be a minimum essential list of informants: FamilyGP and other relevant health professionals Youth Offending Team Jamesschool/college Paternal grandparents Joannes school Prior to any interviews taking place, a list of essential questions should be drawn up to give structure and purpose to the meetings. Following these initial discussions, further interviews may beneeded with Connexions, local police, wider family, or other community groups, in order to build a comprehensive picture of the family. In planning any assessment, there should be a clear statement of intent, outlining the purpose, limitations and timescales of the assessment. This must be shared with the child and their family. For all assessments this will include the main principles of the Children Act 1989. The particular focus for this assessment should only be decided upon after further consultation with the James and his family. In what ways does the information provided in the case study raiseissues of power, disadvantage and oppression? You are asked to carry out an assessment of need? How would you attempt to work in an anti-oppressive way? Case study C: Razia Akhtar is a 26-year-old single woman, of South Asian Muslim origin, (although born is Britain) who is currently in hospital, following a rapid deterioration in her physical health. She has now been given a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Razia lives alone in a small terraced house, and is very keen to return home as soon as possible. Her older brother and his wife, Mohammed Khan and Shanaz Begum, who live on the next street, have suggested that she moves in with them, but she is very reluctant to do so. The hospital staff feel that Razia is being very unrealistic about her future, and that she needs to come to terms with the fact that she willbe dependent on others for the rest of her life. Her present condition is such that she will need quite a high level of personal  assistance, with someone to get her up in the morning and help her to bed at night. The hospital based social worker is asked to carry out an assessment to determine Razia needs once she is discharged from hospital. Power describes the capacity to influence or control people, events, processes or resources (Thompson,2003, pg 152). If utilized in a negative fashion, power can be a significant barrier to equality and lead to oppression and disadvantage. Imbalances of power can manifest in a variety of social work situations; in this case study there are potentially a multitude of disparities of power, which require critically reflective practice to ensure equality and empowerment are promoted. When debating issues of oppression and disadvantage, we must consider the process leading to it negative discrimination. Negative discrimination is defined by the identification of negative attributes with regard to a person or group of people (Thompson 2003). Generally negative discrimination relates to social and biological constructs and can be based upon sexual orientation, gender, class, race, disability, age and so on. Negative discrimination creates the circumstances that give rise to oppression, which is defined by Thompson (2001) as: inhuman or degrading treatment of individuals or groups; hardship and injustice brought about by one group or another; the negative and demeaning exercise of power (pg 34) In relation to Miss Akhtar, we should consider the power that is implied through hospital staff having superior medical knowledge, skills and expertise in relation to Miss Akhtar. From the case notes provided, it appears that current thought relating to Miss Akhtars long-term care is based upon the medical model; the impairment is seen as the problem and her dependence is emphasized (Adams et al, 2002). Thompson(2001) says social work should take a demedicalised stance and look past thepathology, utilizing the social model of disability as described by Adams et al (2002). The social model suggests Miss Akhtars needs should be considered in a much wider context, ensuring her social and mental health are given equal consideration to her medical needs. Viewing societal constraints as the problem and not the individual creates the frame of mind to consider how to remove barriers to mainstream social, political and economic life. The social worker should liaise with Miss Akhtar and look t owards an solution-focused (not impairment-focused) care plan where by within the assessment, barriers are identified and solutions sought collaboratively, utilizing Miss Akhtars strengths. Miss Akhtar has an autoimmune degenerative disease and again, it is well documented that individuals with physical disabilities are more likely to be subjected to oppressive practices. Dehumanizing and medicalised language can result in a loss of esteem and a sense of disempowerment for the physically impaired service user. This can be prevented by avoiding jargon and providing lots of opportunities for questions and open discussion when working through the assessment with Miss Akhtar. Professionals should continually check themselves for use of infantilizing language andensure they engage in mature, adult discourse with Miss Akhtar. Miss Akhtars religious and cultural needs should be explored and understood as central part of the assessment. These needs must be identified as quickly as possible, to ensure the worker can besensitive to Miss Akhtars Islamic or other customs, without making cultural assumptions. Karmi (1996) examines the Islamic emphasis on modesty; hence the worker should consider with Miss Akhtar the extent to which her modesty should be preserved throughout the assessment. It should be explored if Miss Akhtar would prefer female medical staff and social care professionals only to be involved in the assessment and clear guidelines should be established around preservation of modesty and the practice of physical examinations. It is accepted in many Muslim communities that the most senior male of the family will take responsibility for a female relatives care. Hence it is possible there may be an imbalance of power between Miss Akhtar and Mr. Begum, dependent on their personal beliefs and how far these correlate with each others religious and cultural ideals. If there is a difference in these ideals, the social worker should strive to empower Miss Akhtar by discussing choices and involving a culturally matched advocate if Miss Akhtar desires, in order to mediate within the family. This must be managed sensitively, as Miss Akhtar, Mr. Begum and the social worker may all hold very different views regarding patriarchal hierarchies. The diversity of these views should be acknowledged and respected within the assessment. It is important to be aware of ethnocentrism, as described by Thompson (2003), whereby situations are viewed from the norms of a majority culture and those values projected onto the minority. T his can be countered by critically reflective practice, which will promote consciousness of power and oppression, leading to a decreased likelihood of the worker making inaccurate ideological inferences. Discrimination and oppression can arise through an imbalance in the distribution of financial or other material resources. This is a concern in this case study as Miss Akhtars economic status prior to her illness is not clear. Miss Akhtar may experience barriers in accessing the same level of financial resources as previously. Hence the social worker and potentially Mr. Begum could be in positions of power as they are likely to have control over the allocation of resources. This should be countered by being very open with Miss Akhtar and avoiding closed decision-making and mystery. Again, this promotes equality as it avoids welfarism, whereby it is assumed the Miss Akhtar requires welfare services dueto her disability (Thompson, 2003). Due thought must be given to use of language and culturally biased humour throughout the assessment. Miss Akhtaris an ethnic minority in the UK; as such Thompson (2003) states discriminationcan occur at personal and cultural levels. It is the role of the social workerto critically reflect on their personal prejudices, which could lead to discriminatory stereotyping. Personal discrimination is enveloped by inequity at a cultural level, whereby ethnic minorities, and hence Miss Akhtar, maybe subjected to a general felling of not belonging and polarization, by the use of culturally-specific language and humour. A central theme throughout these case studies is the need to put the service user at the heart of all planning, decision-making and reviews. Care packages imposed upon users will be ineffective; users must be enabled to help themselves, whilst the social workertakes every opportunity to stand in the users shoes and see life from thetheir perspective. References Adams, Robert et al (eds) 2002 CriticalPractice in Social Work. Basingstoke, Palgrave. Great Britain (1989) Children Act 1989(C41). London, Stationery Office Department for Education and Skills (2001) Learningto Listen: Core principles for involvement of Children and Young People. Availablefrom: www.dfee.gov.uk/cypu Department of Health (2000) Frameworkfor the assessment of children in need and their families London, TheStationary Office. Horwath, Jan (eds) 2001 The ChildsWorld: Assessing Children in Need. London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Karmi, Ghada (1996) The EthicalHandbook: A Factfile for Health Care Professionals. Oxford, BlackwellScience LTD Thompson, Neil (2001) Anti-discriminatoryPractice 3rd Ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave. Thompson, Neil (2003) PromotingEquality: Challenging Discrimination and Oppression 2nd Ed. NewYork, Palgrave United Nations (1991) United NationsConvention on the Rights of the Child (online). Available from:http://www.unicef.org/crc/fulltext.htm

Telemedicine and Public Informatics

Telemedicine and Public Informatics Mathew Elespuru With the delivery of health care and the advent of computer based health care delivery systems, practitioners have seen a widening array of avenues to see and treat patients. The advent of telehealth and telenursing has given way to monitoring and treating patients in their own homes making seeing a physician more convenient than ever. In 2012, over 380,000 patients used some form of telehealth, and that number is expected to more than quadruple to 1.8 million patients as soon as 2017 (IMS Research, 2013). Telemedicine and Diabetes Compliance According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States with approximately 29 million people suffering from the disease (CDC, 2016). Although diabetes affects all ages, genders and races, it seems that more people of Hispanic and African American heritage suffer from the disease than Non-Hispanic Whites. The latest prevalence data (2007), shows that 10.4% of Hispanic Americans are diagnosed with diabetes, and those of African American heritage account for approximately 14% of those diagnosed compared with 6.6% of non-Hispanic whites (Trief, et al, 2013). Using The Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) demonstration  project, researchers were looking at treatment regimen adherence between the three ethnic groups and if application of telemedicine could improve adherence to a diabetes treatment regimen. It has been previously published that the IDEATel project was successful in improving cholesterol levels, glycemic control and lowering blood pressure in respondents who used the project compared to usual physician office visits (Shea et al, 2006, 2009). This study used regular visits via telemedicine over a 5 year period. Visits were usually every 4-6 weeks and included review of glucose levels, diet and exercise programs and barriers to care. For those who were of Hispanic origin, bi-lingual providers were used so that no language barrier existed during the diabetes education tele visits (Trief, et al, 2013). Researchers found that during the 5 year study, the adherence to the treatment regimen was the same between that usual treatment group and the group receiving the telemedicine visits, those in the telemedicine group did show more time doing diabetic self-care than those in the usual treatment group. This study also showed that when patients with diabetes, regardless of race, adhere to their treatment regimen, better glycemic control is achieved. Using telemedicine interventions with patients diagnosed with diabetes in an excellent option. Some patients with diabetes either type I or Type II may not have access to transportation to keep scheduled appointments at their physicians office. In using telemedicine to check on patients, practitioners can better follow patients and follow the patients adherence to their specific treatment regimen, thereby improving glycemic control, and reducing symptoms and problems caused by diabetes. Public Health Informatics The term public health informatics (PHI) came about due to the work of Dr. John Snow. In 1854, Dr. Snow tracked cholera related deaths to a single water pump in London. The removal of that pump ended the outbreak. This was the first recorded community policing by a health care practitioner. In investigating the infected population as a whole, Dr. Snow was able to track the source of the cholera virus (Vachon, 2005). Florence Nightingale was also instrumental in public health informatics. The data she collected about hygiene and the mortality related to such, changed the face of medical data gathering which still exists today (Dossey, 2000). PHI incorporates skills and knowledge from many different areas including: statistics, microbiology, toxicology, epidemiology, management, and psychology (OCarroll, Yasnoff, Ward, Ripp, Martin, 2003, p.5). One of the most important tools for a public health nurse or organization is a surveillance data system such as an infectious disease tracker (McGonigle Mastrian, 2015). This tool is an incredible resource for tracking adverse health events and allows for the planning and implementations of interventions designed to combat adverse outcomes caused by a disease or other catastrophic instance. In examining the information gathered about a possible influenza epidemic, the PHI nurse and others would look at past data to extrapolate data for the new season and how many people may be affected by the influenza outbreak and what information they have on strains of vaccine that have worked in the past. Other data that would need to be collected in this case would be information about the community at large such as high risk groups (children and elderly), those parts of the community with little or no access to healthcare and those populations that can afford to, and usually get a vaccine without any advance direction to do so. In testing the efficacy of the campaign and the effect of the vaccination, researchers and others would have to examine all information on the amount of people vaccinated and the number of those people who actually contracted influenza. In analyzing this information, the public health department and those within that organization will have a better idea of what to expect in the years to come when dealing with influenza and ensuring those at high risk for contracting influenza get vaccinated before the season begins. Electronic Health Record Since more and more organizations are changing to an electronic health record (EHR), there have been questions raised as to the privacy of the EHR and who ultimately owns the EHR. Protecting a patients privacy it of the utmost importance when initiating an EHR. In doing so, organizations must be able to keep this record private and keep the patients protected health information (PHI) private and secure. The ability to maintain security and privacy must work hand in hand with an organizations ability to have a continuity of care for patients. This continuity of care comes for the interoperability of a patients record. In sharing certain amounts of patient information such as demographics, allergies, past medical history, and medications organizations can save time and money in allowing this information to be shared with others who are an integral part of the patient care team (McGonigle Mastrian, 2015). In sharing a patients EHR within an organization or outside an organization if it relates to the continued care of that patient, the practitioner must ensure that all PHI remains protected as the misuse of this information could prove catastrophic to both the patient and the practitioner. If the information contained within a chart were to be leaked to the wrong individual, that person could use said information negatively and hurt the patient. Organizations both sending and receiving patient information must undertake the proper steps to ensure that only authorized individuals have access to the information and that the information remain secure when transmitted either physically or electronically. Having a shared EHR and interoperability is important to a patients continued medical care. It needs to be handled with the respect it is due to allow for a seamless transition between practitioners and the peace of mind for the patient knowing that the information is secure. References Diabetes. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/diabetes.htm. Dossey, B. M. (2000). Florence Nightingale: Mystic, visionary, healer. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse. IMS Research. (2013). Telehealth to reach 1.8 million patients by 2017. http://www.imsresearch.com/press-release/Telehealth_to_Reach_18_Million_Patients_by_2017. McGonigle, D. Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. Shea, S., et al., (2006). A randomized trial comparing telemedicine case management with usual care in older, ethnically diverse, medically underserved patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association, 13:4051. Shea, S., et al., (2009). A randomized trial comparing telemedicine case management with usual care in older, ethnically diverse, medically underserved patients with diabetes mellitus: 5 year Ethnicity Health 95 results of the IDEATel study. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association, 16, 446456. Trief, P. M., Izquierdo, R., Eimicke, J. P., Teresi, J. A., Goland, R., Palmas, W., Weinstock, R. S. (2013). Adherence to diabetes self care for white, African-American and Hispanic American telemedicine participants: 5 year results from the IDEATel project. Ethnicity Health, 18(1), 83-96. doi:10.1080/13557858.2012.700915. Vachon, D. (2005). Doctor John Snow blames water pollution for cholera epidemic. Old News, 16(8), 8-10. Retrieved from: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/fatherofepidemiology.html. OCarroll, P. W., Yasnoff, W. A., Ward, M. E., Ripp, L. H., Martin, E. L. (Eds.). (2003). Public health informatics and information systems. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.

Windows Xp Architecture Vs. Mac Os X Architecture Essay examples -- In

Windows XP vs. Mac OS X Architecture When looking at the interface of the Mac OS X Operating System and the Microsoft Windows XP operating system many similarities can be seen. The most obvious is the use of blue in the interface. In the core of the systems they both have a micro kernel which addresses thread management, space management and other communications at the system level and is more resistant to attacks from a virus. Mac OS X is a powerful development platform; it supports multiple development technologies like UNIX, Java, Cocoa and Carbon. It also is host to many open source, web, scripting, database and development technologies. It was build around the integrated stack of graphics and media technologies such as QuickTime, Quartz, Core Image and Core Audio. Mac OS X is based on the Mach Kernel and the BSD implementation of UNIX which were originally incorporated into the NEXTSTEP operating system. Many aspects of the Mac OS X architecture are derived from OPENSTEP / NEXTSTEP which was designed to be an easy transition from one platform to another. At the core of this system is Darwin, an open source UNIX like operating system built around the XNU kernel with standard UNIX facilities available from a command line interface. Running on top of this core is several proprietary closed source software such as Aqua (the User Interface) and the Finder application. The Aqua interface is the graphical user interface, it uses soft edges, translucent colors, more color and texture to the windows and it controls most of the systems overall appearance. Apple made this decision during a time that most user interfaces were seen as dull and boring. The Finder is a subset of the user interface as it helps navigate through the s... ...p://www.apple.com/macosx/overview/advancedtechnology.html Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.). Mac OS X Developer Tools, Retrieved May 26th, 2006, from http://www.apple.com/macosx/developertools/ Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.). Getting started with Mac OS X, Retrieved May 27th, 2006, from http://developer.apple.com/referencelibrary/GettingStarted/GS_MacOSX/index.html Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.). Introduction to Mac OS X Technology, Retrieved May 27th, 2006, from http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067 Munro, J. (n.d.). Windows XP Architecture, Retrieved May 25th, 2006, from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,16590,00.asp Microsoft Inc. (n.d.). Windows XP Technical Overview, Retrieved May 29th, 2006, from http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/evaluate/xptechov.mspx

The Purpose and Nature of Architecture Essay -- Design Architecture

The Purpose and Nature of Architecture What is it that we mean when we say ‘the architecture of the city’? What are cities planned to be? Why should we plan anything? When we plan ahead, we perhaps have a goal in mind. What is this goal, for an architect or an urban designer? Simply putting it, their goal is to make environments in which man can live in ways better than he could before. Right from the early times, when shelter meant only a roof over ones head, or when taking shelter meant seeking protection inside a cave or getting under the tree cover, man sought to improve his living conditions. He sought shelter that was more comfortable than the one he had before. From caves and trees, man moved to mud huts and animal skin tents. Constantly striving towards improvisation to suit his changing needs, he has today, shelter in the form of buildings in brick and concrete, that he has termed architecture; gardens and malls where he spends his leisure time, these along with the buildings and the spaces between, he calls urban fabric. There are road networks, that link buildings to each other, buildings to public plazas, that link living areas to work areas, or living areas to educational areas, or living areas to shopping areas. Man has first fragmented his lifestyle and living spaces, then attempted to join it with roads. What he fragments, often stays fragmented forever. Life for him is still a series of experiences which he sometimes can see as a whole but often not. What was once upon a time harmonious living, is divided up into neat compartments with supposedly greater efficiency. Today, we have intelligent buildings that have automated functions. But, what is the sequence of experiences one can have within these buildings? Does that matter or not at all? Are they experiences that satisfy human nature or is it a contrived environment that is far removed from the real world? Do experiences generated by this new architecture, by this new urban design, by this new city planning still inspire man to think and to feel? Does it make him grow, or does it strangulate his sense of being? As an architect or urban designer, must one know all about space and form and structure and nothing about life's experiences, about feeling, about nature? How does an architect or urban designer know about all of life's experiences? Is it... ... parts. I believe that research into the phenomenon of architectural experience and its possible objectification is the spring board towards a more vibrant and humane built environment. We must know if the design processes we employ are the same as the thought processes we undergo whilst experiencing these urban spaces that we design. We must know, which experiences we enjoy the most, how these experiences come about and if the designer must play a role in making these happen, where must he begin? . For example, in our country ,India, there is a lot that is fragmented and that comes together randomly to form a whole which is so much more rich in nature than a putting together in an orderly fashion, of uniform, standardized parts. The study of the experience of architecture I think is the spring board to the creation of more vibrant and humane environments. We must know if the design processes we employ are the same as the thought processes we undergo whilst experiencing these urban spaces that we design. We must know, which experiences we enjoy the most, and how these experiences come about and if the designer must play a role in making these happen, where must he begin?

Nutritional needs

Insufficiency leads to Beriberi, Wrinkle-Coworkers syndrome Riboflavin (32) Insufficiency leads to Riboflavin's Intact (83) Peanuts Legumes Enriched grains Insufficiency leads to diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis Cabling (Bal 2) Animal protein Insufficiency leads to pernicious anemia Folic Acid Orange Juice Leafy green vegetables Insufficiency leads to anemia and neural tube defects Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): wound healing, hormone synthesis Citrus fruits Insufficiency leads to scurvy, bleeding gums Vitamin A: vision, tissue growth, immune, reproductive function Animal foodsFortified milk Insufficiency leads to night blindness, cerographical Vitamin D: calcium and phosphorus metabolism, PATH, kidney Fortified food sources Insufficiency leads to rickets, astronomical Vitamin E: antioxidant, immune Vegetable oil Margarine Insufficiency leads to hemolytic of Orbs Vitamin K: blood clotting Liver Insufficiency leads to hemorrhage Apricots Avocado Bananas Cantaloupes Raw carrots Peas / Dried beans Dried fruits Oranges Potatoes Prune Juice Spinach Tomatoes Winter squash Calcium (also use for kidney stones) Chocolate BeansLentils Canned / smoked fish (except tuna) Flour Cocoa Green leafy vegetables Trainee / Dopamine Restrictions (for people taking Mayo's) Aged Cheese Smoked fish Processed meats FAA beans Soy sauce Purina (gout / uric acid stones) Organ meats Anchovies Sardines Salmon Herring Venison Goose Seafood Oxalate's (kidney stones) Asparagus Beets Celery Cabbage Dark green leafy vegetables Green beans Beer Cola Nuts -area Acid-Ash Foods

School Lunches

Emma Bennett Master Block 7th 7 November 2012 School Lunches When students buy their lunch in a typical cafeteria, they expect decent, put together meals. Students usually see long lunch lines, hear loud talking, and eat fatty and disgusting food. In the lunch rooms I see unhealthy nasty food that everyone eats every single day. I have seen chili that smells like dog poop, nacho cheese that looks like barbeque sauce that got mixed in. Also the burritos tastes like vomit which was as hard as a rock. School cafeterias need to make more edible food and provide a healthier and more delicious variety of food.School lunches can be delicious but sometimes they can be gross as road kill, and most students regret buying lunch. I have been buying lunch since my freshman year and I have gotten cheese that had a brown tint to it, uncooked pizza, chunky milk and much more. I spend two dollars and thirty five cents daily on lunch at Oakville that you would be able to find in a dumpster. School caf eterias should have a lot of healthy foods like, fruits, vegetables instead of the entire ala carte section. The lunch workers who make the lunch use frozen or canned foods and most of the food that seems appealing cost extra.Therefore, the food that looks and taste good cost more than the food students waste or do not choose to eat. Given these facts the food should be fully cooked and checked. To conclude, Oakville should put out healthier food to eat, and the food should be at a lower cost to buy. Many consequences affect many people like, the students, lunch workers, principles and parents. Students that have gotten sick and have certain allergies to foods that most workers do not realize they have. Yet they have given the students these sicknesses and allergic reactions.My friend has an allergy to wheat noodles and he has gotten noodles that he did not realize that, they contained wheat. When workers are required to wear a hair net students seem to find hairs in their food, whi ch causes them to suddenly not feel hungry. Students getting sick from school cafeteria seems to happen from eating expired foods and sometimes foods that have not been cooked all the way through. I have gotten a slice of pizza that didn’t seem to have the right color to it and it felt like it just came out of the fridge. The results after eating the uncooked pizza was me home with the so called â€Å"flu. To conclude school cafeterias should be putting out sign that show what the foods are made out of and workers should be careful with the foods they give to students. Improvements that can make school lunches healthier and less disgusting is including healthier foods. Schools should have different types of lunch lines such as specific lines for vegetarians and different parts of a lunch. For example, students who just want to buy one item can easily get in line and buy. However the amount of lunch lines at school is not enough, there are too many students that cut in front of other students because the lunch lines are way too long.Our school should add more lunch lines that way everyone can have enough time to eat their lunch. Schools should make more accurate serving sizes instead of giving to much or not giving enough. Some students get too much food and what they do not eat ends up in the trash. Students who do not get enough food have to go back in the lunch line and buy more food. Schools need to listen to the complaints about lunch that way they can figure out a way to make the school lunches better. So school principles and lunch workers need to follow the guidelines of the students because the students know what is best for them.Several students do not agree that our school lunches are not healthy, however they are the kids that are a little over weight. Some students believe our lunches are perfect and should not be changed into healthier food. Our lunches do not have the correct amount of serving sizes and they do not have enough nutrients i n the food. Lunch lines are perfect and they go by fast and not many people cut in front of you. Lines are longer because too many people cut and I have been late to class because I have not had enough time to eat lunch.Students can argue about our lunches as much as they want but our school lunches need to change. Lunches at school need a huge change and many students and principles do not realize they are so unhealthy. Schools should include more fruits and vegetables no more sugars, no more fatty foods. More students are eating lunches which gives them a chance of diabetes and are gaining more weight everyday from eating unhealthy school lunches. Schools need to listen to students guidelines and help prevent diabetes and being overweight. School Lunches The lunch menu of Meadow Oaks Academy consists of turkey and noodles, two salads, macaroni and cheese, turkey meat loaf, sloppy Joes, chicken enchiladas, fish sticks, spaghetti of meat sauce, baked chicken, hamburgers, beans of hen, Spanish rice and beef toast, hamburger buns and hot dog buns. Mixed fruits, apples, bananas, peaches, Mandarin oranges and pineapples are the fruits that are provided. They are also provided a variety of vegetables like spinach, broccoli, green peas, baked squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, corn, mashed potatoes etc. as well as mixed vegetables. In addition to this there is whole milk too in the menu. Achiger Elementary school provides fiesta nachos, pepperoni pizza, chicken tenders, beef and pasta casserole, soft taco, crispy chicken wrap, breaded beef patty, breaded chicken on bun, hamburger, corndog, cheese dippers, fish sticks, toast hamburger buns and hot dog buns. Fruits consist of pineapple chunks, Mandarin oranges, pears, fruit cocktail, chilled peaches and orange slices. Vegetables that are provided to the children are sweet corn, green beans, broccoli of cheese, baby carrots, peas etc. The milk is strawberry and / or chocolate flavored. Desserts include ice creams, gelatin, apple sauce, frozen fruit treat and cookie. Chips are offered twice a month. After analysis I feel that comparatively, the lunch menu of Meadow Oaks Academy is better than that of Achiger Elementary school. This is because Meadow Oaks Academy pays more attention on the heath and nutrition aspect of the children and this is why the children of that school are not allowed any sweets or food items that are high in sugar. This school also provides unflavored whole milk whereas the Achiger Elementary school provides strawberry or chocolate flavored milk. It was observed that the chocolate flavored milk is popular amongst the children of the school as a result they are consuming more sugar than the Meadow Oaks Academy. The Achiger Elementary school makes the fruit section a lot more attractive by providing varieties like fruit cocktail, chilled peaches, orange slices etc. Thus, the Achiger Elementary school scores high in the presentation and variety quotient whereas the Meadow Oaks Academy scores high on the health quotient. It provides ten percent butter in vegetables, and the vegetables are steamed unlike the vegetables of Achiger Elementary school which are canned and frozen. However, the vegetables of Achiger Elementary school do not have any butter at all. It should be noted that main course of both the institutions are more or less on equal level.

Mustika Ratu Case Summary

Mustier Rat's Marketing Strategy Throughout the sass, the company expanded its line traditional cosmetics (facial care & decorative makeup, hair and body care product) and the established itself as the uncontested market leader – by 1998, four out of very 10 cosmetic products sold in Indonesia were Mustier Rata brands. Positioned as competitively priced, quality products formulated specifically for Indonesian skin. Company literature reinforced that its products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian beliefs of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs.Mustier Rat's Jambs appealed to several market segments. Segment : Men, women, adults, and teenagers. Target : Predominantly middle- to upper-middle-income cue insurers. Positioning : Products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian levels of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs. Condition of competition in the jam segment was becoming fierce in the next following years. Ma ny roadside stalls selling jambs to cure headaches, boost sexual drive or to reduce weight were common. These jambs were targeted at the middle- to lower-income market segment.So, Mustier Rata also competed in these market segments with their flank brand â€Å"Garage Jambs†. According to the company's 1 997 annual report, this line â€Å"contributed to overall profitability and had great potential for future growth. † Exhibit low are Mustier Rat's product differentiation based on market segment. Each segment has each marketing strategy that suitable to applied to their market. Based on reading text, Mustier Rat's core value that become major quality of Mustier Rat's product was high quality of their natural ingredients.It become a competitive factor for Mustier Rata differentiation to another brands. This competitive factor that Mustier Rata tried to sell from their marketing campaign. This became a major focus in the company's marketing communications. An average of o ver 25 percent of annual net sales was spent n marketing campaigns which promoted value-priced, natural alternatives to imported cosmetics. Another key promotion activity that increased the company's profile was sponsorship of several major beauty events, including the Miss Indonesia pageant.B. R. A. Immorality's high profile as an owner of Mustier Rata, who granted meritorious achievement in the promotion of Indonesian culture and traditions and the Asian Institute's Marketing Management Award (in 1992 and 1 995) also increased Mustier Rat's profile in domestic area. Mustier Rat's Distribution Strategy Over the years, Mustier Rata had developed its own well-established and highly organized distribution system, controlled through a recently installed information technology (IT) control system.The application of improved IT control systems ensured a higher level of service and more efficient delivery schedules as well as more accurate and timely consumer information. IT system was al so installed due to the the challenges posed by Indonesian geography, which is Indonesian area is so vast. Another significant challenge in distribution in Indonesia was the highly fragmented nature of the retail industry – thousands of small outlets and roadside stalls accounted for a significant percentage of Indonesian retail activity.Mustier Rata used all of kind distribution channel to market their extensive product lines. Mustier Rata Brand's Distribution Channel ‘ Lower- and middle- income brand : ubiquitous stalls, wet markets, conventional retail shop, supermarket, direct sales channel Upper- income brand : Department stores, company-owned stores, direct sales force Since 1 992, Mustier Rata had concentrated on intensifying their department store distribution channel.Another key strategy was to increase of distribution channels previously managed by third parties in their most densely populated and lucrative markets. The establishment of Mustier Rata-owned and operated distribution systems resulted in an average of two and one-half percent increase in Mustier Rat's operating margins. Delivery time was also shortened, and quality of service provided to retail outlets was enhanced. Company also changed its accounts receivable policy, shortening the due period from 90 days to 30 days.Namely it addressed lead times and resulted to smaller order lots. According to Essayist on the reading text, the company's distributors were his â€Å"eyes and ears† monitoring customer opinion and relaying vital market information to the corporate marketing department. Mustier Rat's International Market In international markets, Mustier Rata used a combination of in-house owned operated distribution channels, as well as contracted distributors.Malaysia The company's most significant international market, accounting for 70% of international revenue. 1 995, Mustier Rata established several â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† treatment centers, which resul ted in doubling sales. Target Market : Indigenous Malay (properly target), Chinese (lasted catered), Middle market products. Philippines : Demographics in Philippines market were relatively similar with domestic product lines. Target Market : Health and beauty products for teenage girls was one of the least crowded market segments.Next step in penetrating the Filipino market was to capitalize on the established third-party distribution channels used for the body splash and to introduce other product within the Putter line as well as Mustier Rat's slimming Tea. The Middle East : Mustier Rata had opened 14 â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† outlets in United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Target Market : Brand with in developing natural products that adhered to the Muslim ‘Hall' standards -? products made with no animal fat and that had never been tested on animals.Other Countries : The another countries was : Hong Kong and Holland (Mail order distribution channel) Sou th Africa, Canada, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam Taiwan, and Thailand (Investigating Market) Successfully Navigating Through A Chaotic External Environment Mustier Rata had averted the misfortune in 1 998 that had befallen many of heir competitors through cautious investment of the proceeds of their PIP (much of which had not been used as originally planned), mostly in short term deposits at foreign-owned banks.

Mind Your Own Business Essay

What makes someone a successful entrepreneur? It certainly helps to have strong technology skills or expertise in a key area, but these are not defining characteristics of entrepreneurship. Instead, the key qualities are traits such as creativity, the ability to keep going in the face of hardship, and the social skills needed to build great teams. If you want to start a business, it’s essential to learn the specific skills that underpin these qualities. It’s also important to develop entrepreneurial skills if you’re in a job role where you’re expected to develop a business, or â€Å"take things forward† more generally. It’s very easy to get lost trying to rate ourselves against our peers or even rate ourselves around society when it comes to success. Its actually depressing at times and inconclusive as you often get side tracked comparing apples to oranges. In our quest for success, we often look for some sort of ranking system to gauge how well we are doing and unfortunately decide to use others as the measure. It is often an inaccurate scale as so many factors come into play, so many that it makes it unfair to compare yourself to others on any level. There are so many circumstances that dictate success it makes it impossible to find multiple people with identical circumstances to compare us to. Since we cannot compare ourselves to others, we must become our own competition and strive for perfection daily in order to move forward. We ultimately set the velocity at which we move. The results however are none that can be compared to others as every situation is as unique as the next. The real point here is why do we worry about what others are doing if we ultimately shouldn’t compare ourselves to them. The answer is jealousy and should end immediately. If you are someone that often finds yourself worrying about what others are doing, how they are doing it and where their wealth comes from, then start minding your own business and instead focus your energy on yourself and your work which is what will get you there, not finding out if your neighbor is in the Mafia or indeed a real estate guru. The best way to check if you are yourself is to ask yourself if you often form conclusions when faced with an individual who has attained a higher level of monetary success. Do you often find yourself guessing that perhaps this person was given wealth from past generations or that they are involved in negative activities that have led to financial success? One should rather focus our energy and efforts on our own growth and not criticize others whose level of success is above ours. If you find yourself in such a negative position where a friend or relative seems to feel that way, then identify them as one whose lack of effort and lack of motivation is ultimately going to be the reason they fail, and separate yourself from that energy instantly. Defining Entrepreneurship Some experts think of entrepreneurs as people who are willing to take risks that other people are not. Others define them as people who start and build successful businesses. Thinking about the first of these definitions, entrepreneurship doesn’t necessarily involve starting your own business. Many people who don’t work for themselves are recognized as entrepreneurs within their organizations. Regardless of how you define an â€Å"entrepreneur,† one thing is certain: becoming a successful entrepreneur isn’t easy. So, how does one person successfully take advantage of an opportunity, while another, equally knowledgeable person does not? Do entrepreneurs have a different genetic makeup? Or do they operate from a different vantage point, that somehow directs their decisions for them? Though many researchers have studied the subject, there are no definitive answers. What we do know is that successful entrepreneurs seem to have certain traits in common. Check for yourself if you have these traits: †¢Interpersonal skills. †¢Critical and creative thinking skills. †¢Practical skills. Optimism: Are you an optimistic thinker? Optimism is truly an asset, and it will help get you through the tough times that many entrepreneurs experience as they find a business model that works for them. Vision: Can you easily see where things can be improved? Can you quickly grasp the â€Å"big picture,† and explain this to others? And can you create a compelling vision of the future, and then inspire other people to engage with that vision? Initiative: Do you have initiative, and instinctively start problem-solving or business improvement projects? Desire for Control: Do you enjoy being in charge and making decisions? Are you motivated to lead others? Drive and Persistence: Are you self-motivated and energetic? And are you prepared to work hard, for a very long time, to realize your goals? Risk Tolerance: Are you able to take risks, and make decisions when facts are uncertain? Resilience: Are you resilient, so that you can pick yourself up when things don’t go as planned? And do you learn and grow from your mistakes and failures? Interpersonal Skills As a successful entrepreneur, you’ll have to work closely with people – this is where it is critical to be able to build great relationships with your team, customers, suppliers, shareholders, investors, and more. Some people are more gifted in this area than others, but, fortunately, you can learn and improve these skills. The types of interpersonal skills you’ll need include: Leadership and Motivation: Can you lead and motivate others to follow you and deliver your vision? And are you able to delegate work to others? As a successful entrepreneur, you’ll have to depend on others to get beyond a very early stage in your business – there’s just too much to do all on your own! Communication Skills: Are you competent with all types of communication? You need to be able to communicate well to sell your vision of the future to investors, potential clients, team members, and more. Listening: Do you hear what others are telling you? Your ability to listen can make or break you as an entrepreneur. Make sure that you’re skilled at active listening and empathetic listening. Personal Relations: Are you emotionally intelligent? The higher your EI, the easier it will be for you to work with others. The good news is that you can improve your emotional intelligence! Negotiation: Are you a good negotiator? Not only do you need to negotiate keen prices, you also need to be able to resolve differences between people in a positive, mutually beneficial way. Ethics: Do you deal with people based on respect, integrity, fairness, and truthfulness? Can you lead ethically? You’ll find it hard to build a happy, committed team if you deal with people – staff, customers or suppliers – in a shabby way. Critical and Creative Thinking Skills As an entrepreneur, you also need to come up with fresh ideas, and make good decisions about opportunities and potential projects. Many people think that you’re either born creative or you’re not. However, creativity is a skill that you can develop if you invest the time and effort. Creative Thinking: Are you able to see situations from a variety of perspectives and come up with original ideas? (There are many creativity tools that will help you do this.) Problem Solving: How good are you at coming up with sound solutions to the problems you’re facing? Tools such as Cause & Effect Analysis, the 5 Whys Technique, and CATWOE are just some of the problem-solving tools that you’ll need to be familiar with. Recognizing Opportunities: Do you recognize opportunities when they present themselves? Can you spot a trend? And are you able to create a plan to take advantage of the opportunities you identify? Practical Skills You also need the practical skills and knowledge needed to produce goods or services effectively, and run a company. Goal Setting: Do you regularly set goals, create a plan to achieve them, and then carry out that plan? Planning and Organizing: Do you have the talents, skills, and abilities necessary to achieve your goals? Can you coordinate people to achieve these efficiently and effectively. And do you know how to develop a coherent, well thought-through business plan, including developing and learning from appropriate financial forecasts? Decision Making: How good are you at making decisions? Do you make them based on relevant information and by weighing the potential consequences? And are you confident in the decisions that you make? Core decision-making tools include Decision Tree Analysis, Grid Analysis, and Six Thinking Hats. You need knowledge in several areas when starting or running a business. For instance: Business knowledge: Do you have a good general knowledge of the main functional areas of a business (sales, marketing, finance, and operations), and are you able to operate or manage others in these areas with a reasonable degree of competence? Entrepreneurial knowledge: Do you understand how entrepreneurs raise capital? And do you understand the sheer amount of experimentation and hard work that may be needed to find a business model that works for you? Opportunity-specific knowledge: Do you understand the market you’re attempting to enter, and do you know what you need to do to bring your product or service to market? Venture-specific knowledge: Do you know what you need to do to make this type of business successful? And do you understand the specifics of the business that you want to start? Conclusion: As a dreamer, you need to understand its significance and mind your own business. Never lose track of your vision for your life. Do not ever get so busy making a living that you forget to live your life.